Final answer:
System access threats consist of human intrusion attempts and malicious software, with hackers employing various methods to compromise systems and governments using cyber attacks for espionage and disruption.
Step-by-step explanation:
System access threats fall into two general categories: human intrusion attempts and malicious software. Hackers use a plethora of tactics to exploit vulnerabilities, from breaking into websites and systems to sponsoring phishing campaigns designed to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information. Additionally, governments and various organized groups have engaged in cyber warfare, using hacking to steal intelligence, disrupt communications, and interfere with internet services, often spreading disinformation.
These human-led threats are coupled with a wide array of malicious software, including viruses, worms, trojan horses, and ransomware, which can autonomously infiltrate and damage systems. Guarding against these threats requires a multifaceted approach that includes robust cybersecurity measures, constant vigilance, and education about safe online practices. This can include activities such as hacking, phishing, or password cracking. Malicious software, on the other hand, refers to programs or code designed to harm or exploit a computer system, such as viruses, worms, or trojans.