Final answer:
The pseudoautosomal regions of the X chromosome recombine during meiosis, facilitated by the synaptonemal complex formation during prophase I and the process of crossing over for genetic recombination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The regions of the X chromosome that recombine during meiosis are the pseudoautosomal regions. These are the areas where the X and Y chromosomes are homologous, meaning they carry the same genes, allowing them to pair and recombine. The recombination process is crucial for genetic diversity and is facilitated by the formation of a synaptonemal complex during prophase I of meiosis. These regions are distinct from the male-specific region of the Y chromosome, the centromere, and the heterochromatin, which generally do not recombine.
Genetic recombination typically occurs through the process of crossing over, which happens when homologous chromosomes align closely during prophase I and exchange equivalent segments of genetic material. Sister chromatids are separated from each other during anaphase II of meiosis.