Final answer:
Option(B) The service rate and waiting time are the terms that differ between single and multi-server queue formulas; multi-server systems can affect both due to the aggregation of service capabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms that are different in the single and multi-server queue formulas primarily involve the service rate and waiting time. In a single-server system, the service rate is the rate at which one server can process customers, while in a multi-server system, the overall service rate depends on the combined rates of all servers. Consequently, the waiting time in a multi-server system could be shorter, as multiple servers can reduce the time a customer spends in the queue.
To illustrate these concepts, let's use an example where we know from Solution 5.11 that we expect on average one customer to arrive every two minutes (which defines the arrival rate). Thus, the utilization rate - the fraction of time the server is busy - would be different for single and multi-server systems because of the varying service capacities.
Queue theory involves analyzing waiting lines in systems. Key formulas include:
Utilization (ρ): ρ = λ / μ (arrival rate / service rate)
Little's Law: L = λ * W (average number in system = arrival rate * time spent)
Queue Length (Lq): Lq = λ * Wq (average number waiting in queue = arrival rate * time spent waiting)
These formulas help assess and optimize queuing system performance.