Final answer:
The conflict between President Andrew Jackson and The Bank of the United States led to a depression due to the Panic of 1837. The Bank War, as it came to be known, involved the non-renewal of the national bank's charter and resulted in economic turmoil. Option A is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conflicts between President Andrew Jackson and The Bank of the United States resulted in a depression. When Andrew Jackson deposited the federal government's revenue in state-chartered banks ("pet banks"), all restrictions on credit expansion were removed which led to inflation. This action, referred to as the Bank War, ultimately concluded with the non-renewal of the charter for the national bank in 1836.
Jackson's attack on the bank planted the seeds for the economic crisis that ensued, but other factors also played a role, such as international concerns from British bankers over rising commodity prices and the subsequent fall in cotton prices. This set of events catalyzed the Panic of 1837, a major economic depression during Martin Van Buren's presidency that was set in motion by Andrew Jackson’s policies regarding the bank. The correct answer to the question is thus A. The Bank of the United States.