Final answer:
The treatment of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy typically involves beta blockers or calcium channel blockers, avoiding diuretics and digoxin. Increased preload ameliorates the murmur, while decreased preload aggravates the condition. Alcohol ablation or surgical myomectomy and avoiding strenuous activities are recommended to manage HOCM.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the treatment of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM), a condition characterized by the pathological enlargement of the heart. The murmur associated with HOCM, which is typically a systolic ejection murmur (SEM), can vary in intensity depending on the patient's body position and activities that alter preload and afterload. Increasing the preload (such as with squatting and handgrip maneuvers) can reduce the murmur's intensity, while decreasing preload (such as with Valsalva maneuver, standing, or exercise) can make it louder. Treatment typically involves beta blockers or calcium channel blockers (CCBs), which can decrease heart rate and reduce contractility, thereby minimizing the obstruction and murmur. Diuretics and digoxin are typically avoided in HOCM, as they can decrease the ventricular volume, increasing the obstruction and worsening the murmur. Risk reduction measures include alcohol ablation or surgical myomectomy, and patients are generally advised against participating in sports or heavy exercise to avoid exacerbating the condition.