Final answer:
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic reaction to Aspergillus spores, leading to asthma-like symptoms and potentially severe respiratory complications. Diagnosis involves imaging, microscopic examinations, and serological tests, whereas treatment combines antifungal medication and corticosteroids.
Step-by-step explanation:
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis, commonly referred to as ABPA, is a condition that results from an allergic reaction to the spores of the Aspergillus fungi, primarily Aspergillus fumigatus. Individuals with respiratory diseases, such as asthma, or those with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk of developing this condition. ABPA is characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, runny nose, and headaches, which mimic asthma.
Diagnosis typically entails chest radiographs and microscopic examination of tissue and respiratory fluid samples. Serological tests can detect Aspergillus antigens, and skin tests may confirm exposure to the fungus. In severe cases, fungal balls called aspergillomas may form in the lungs, leading to severe pneumonia and potentially fatal pulmonary or brain hemorrhages. Treatment includes antifungal agents like itraconazole and voriconazole, and corticosteroids may be prescribed to manage allergic symptoms.