Final answer:
The reasoning described, where cramps from eating different fruits lead to the broad conclusion that all fruit causes cramps, exemplifies inductive reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you eat different types of fruit and experience cramps each time and then conclude that eating fruit gives you cramps, you are using inductive reasoning. This type of reasoning involves making broad generalizations based on a number of observations.
For example, if you observe that apples, pears, and cherries give you cramps, you might generalize that all fruits will cause cramps. However, inductive reasoning does not guarantee the truth of the conclusions; it only suggests a probable link. Scientists often use inductive reasoning to formulate theories, which can then lead to hypotheses that are tested using deductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning starts with a general principle to reach more specific conclusions, and it often follows a hypothesis-testing approach. In contrast, inductive reasoning takes specific observations and makes broader generalizations, which may not always be correct.