Final answer:
The actual return on plan assets for Certainty Services' defined-benefit pension plan in 2016 is calculated to be $10 million, corresponding with option A.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the actual return on plan assets for Certainty Services' defined-benefit pension plan, we need to consider the opening and closing balances of plan assets, retiree benefits paid, and employer contributions during the year. The formula is:
Actual Return = (Closing plan assets + Retiree benefits paid) - (Opening plan assets + Employer contributions)
Now, plugging in the numbers provided:
Actual Return = ($105 million + $17 million) - ($70 million + $42 million)
Actual Return = $122 million - $112 million
Actual Return = $10 million
The actual return on the plan assets for 2016 was $10 million, which aligns with option A.