Final answer:
It is a) true that a crucified god, as depicted in later portrayals of Jesus Christ showing physical suffering, challenges the conventional image of an all-powerful God.
Step-by-step explanation:
The depiction of a crucified deity, specifically that of Jesus Christ, challenges the conventional image of God as all-powerful.
The historical understanding of Christ's portrayal can be seen through two lenses: Christus triumphans and Christus patiens.
Christus triumphans refers to early medieval representations of Christ on the cross as godly and triumphant, appearing unaffected by human suffering.
This resonates with the image of an omnipotent deity. Conversely, later artworks, described as Christus patiens, depict Christ suffering on the cross, reflecting human vulnerability and pain, challenging traditional conceptions of an all-powerful God.
Therefore, it is true that a crucified god, specifically as represented in later Christian portrayals of Jesus, challenges the conventional image of God as all-powerful.