Final answer:
Express powers are the direct powers granted in an agency contract, while reserved powers are the class of powers exclusive to state governments as per the Tenth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The powers directly given to a producer in an agency contract are known as express powers. These powers are explicitly stated within the text of the agreement and define what the agent is authorized to do on behalf of the principal. In contrast, apparent powers are those the agent seems to have based on their actions or position, while implied powers are not specifically detailed in the contract but are assumed to be authorized as they are necessary to carry out the express powers.
In the context of the American government, the Tenth Amendment created a class of powers exclusive to state governments known as reserved powers. These are powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution and not prohibited from the states. Powers such as conducting elections and establishing local governments are examples of reserved powers.