Final answer:
Species with a wide range of environmental tolerance are called generalists, which is the correct answer to the student's question. Generalist species, like raccoons, are able to thrive in various geographical areas in contrast to endemic species that are restricted to specific regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Species with a narrow range of environmental tolerance are called specialists, while those with a wide range of environmental tolerance are referred to as generalists. An endemic species is one that is naturally found in a specific geographic area and is usually restricted in size, such as the Venus flytrap in North and South Carolina. On the other hand, generalist species like the raccoon are able to live in a wide variety of geographical areas and environmental conditions, ranging from North to Central America.
Marsupials like koalas are endemic to Australia, whereas generalists are not limited to a specific area. It is important to note that an ecological niche refers to not only the physical space a species occupies but also its role in the ecosystem, including its behaviors, diet, and interactions with other species.
Therefore, in answer to the student's question, species with a wide range of environmental tolerance are called generalists.