Final answer:
Around 10,000 years ago, the Earth's estimated population was closest to 5 million, which aligns with option A. 50 million as the most accurate choice provided in the question.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking for an estimate of the number of people who inhabited Earth around 10,000 years ago. From historical demographic data, we know that when farming was introduced, the total human population was probably around 5 million. By 1800, the population had grown to 1 billion. Given this information, the estimated number of people who lived on Earth 10,000 years ago can be closest to the option A. 50 million.