Final answer:
Neanderthal brain size was larger than that of modern humans, but intelligence is not solely determined by brain size. The organization and development of different brain regions also play a role in cognitive skills.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neanderthal brain size was larger than that of modern humans. The average size of a Neanderthal brain was around 1,520 cc, compared to the average size of modern human brains which ranges from 1,200-1,400 cc.
However, brain size alone does not determine intelligence. The organization and development of different anatomical areas of the brain also play a role in cognitive skills. In Neanderthals, the frontal region, which is associated with speech and language, was less developed, while the back of the brain, responsible for the senses, was more developed. This suggests that Neanderthals may have had different cognitive abilities than modern humans, emphasizing survival skills needed for hunting in harsh conditions.