Final answer:
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the decay and death of neurons, as well as the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the brain, leading to cognitive decline, memory loss, and dementia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the decay and death of neurons, along with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the brain. These abnormal changes in the brain result in the loss of neuronal connections and ultimately lead to a decline in cognitive function, memory loss, and dementia. The presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.