Final answer:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and targets the adrenal cortex, leading to the secretion of corticosteroids like cortisol, which help the body manage long-term stress by modulating metabolism and immune response.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also called corticotropin, is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Its primary target tissue is the adrenal cortex, which is the outer portion of the adrenal glands. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroid hormones such as cortisol, which regulate metabolism, immune response, and other vital functions. These hormones are critical for the body’s response to long-term stress, affecting the metabolism of nutrients and suppression of the immune system.
In conditions of long-term stress, ACTH induces the adrenal cortex to produce more glucocorticoids like cortisol. This action is an integral part of the body's long-term stress response, triggering the breakdown of fats and proteins to provide energy and maintaining blood glucose levels, as well as exerting anti-inflammatory effects.