Final answer:
Mitigation and adaptation are key strategies used to reduce the impact of hazards like earthquakes, through measures.
Step-by-step explanation:
To reduce the impact of hazards that cannot be eliminated, mitigation and adaptation strategies are used. Mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent the release of hazards into an environment. Adaptation involves adjusting to the hazards and reducing vulnerability.
For example, in the context of earthquake preparedness, governments may enforce building codes that require structures to be built to withstand seismic events, and individuals can secure heavy furniture to walls to prevent injury during a quake.
Regarding long-term planning, actions include habitat conservation, maintaining biodiversity, and designing infrastructure that can adapt to changing environmental conditions. This holds true as well for other natural disasters, where creating early warning systems, establishing evacuation routes.