Final answer:
The probation or parole officer only has the authority to recommend revocation of probation or parole, but the final decision is made by a judge or parole board after a hearing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer regarding a probation or parole officer's power to recommend revocation is '1) The officer makes a recommendation only.' Probation and parole officers supervise individuals released from prison or sentenced to non-custodial sanctions such as probation.
While these officers have significant authority in terms of monitoring and reporting on the behavior of those under supervision, they do not have the final power to determine revocation of probation or parole.
When violations of the conditions of probation or parole occur, officers can prepare a report and recommend to the court or parole board that the individual's probation or parole be revoked.
However, it is ultimately the responsibility of a judge or a parole board to decide whether to revoke probation or parole following a hearing where the individual has an opportunity to be heard.