Final answer:
Self-leadership is a process where individuals influence their thinking and behavior to reach goals, which is different from transactional or transformational leadership styles. Transformational leadership is particularly effective due to its charismatic and inspirational attributes. The correct answer to the question is B. Self-leadership.
Step-by-step explanation:
Self-leadership is the process whereby people intentionally influence their thinking and behavior to achieve their objectives. Unlike transactional leadership, which primarily involves supervision and a system of rewards and punishments to achieve organizational goals, self-leadership focuses on individual autonomy and personal growth. According to researchers such as Bass and colleagues, transformational leadership styles are more effective than transactional styles. Transformational leadership is characterized by leaders being charismatic, inspirational, intellectually stimulating, and considerate towards their followers.
In contrast, an authoritarian leadership style is marked by a top-down communication flow and directive approach. Laissez-faire leaders, on the other hand, adopt a hands-off approach, allowing group members to make their own decisions. Finally, democratic leadership encourages group participation in decision-making processes, with leaders working towards building consensus.
In the context of the given multiple-choice question, the correct option is B. Self-leadership.