Final answer:
A claim in an essay is a statement that the writer aims to support with evidence, whereas a counterclaim opposes the initial claim. Topic sentences guide the direction of the paragraph, and counterclaims should be addressed and refuted. Analysis connects evidence to the claim, and peer reviews can help refine the handling of counterclaims.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine whether each sentence is a claim or a counter-claim, you must examine the function of the sentence within an argument. A claim is a statement that asserts a point that the writer or speaker is trying to make and intends to support with evidence. In contrast, a counterclaim is a statement that challenges the initial claim, offering a different perspective or argument. When evaluating a topic sentence, it should provide an insight into what the paragraph will discuss and may include a transition from previous content.
When it comes to evidence, look for data or quotations that support the claim. Analysis is crucial too, as it connects the evidence to the claim, showing how it supports the argument. A paragraph should ultimately work to prove the thesis of the essay, with each claim derived from that thesis. When reviewing a paragraph, ensure that any counterclaims are clearly stated and refuted, with supporting arguments and evidence.
In lessons on constructing sentences and arguments, students are taught to thoughtfully consider counterclaims as part of research, using evidence to support their structure and reasoning. When revising, it's beneficial to consult peer review comments on counterclaims and the structure of your argument to enhance your paper's credibility and flow.