Final answer:
The RS-485 standard natively supports up to 32 devices on a single communication line, but this number can be extended with the use of repeaters or advanced transceivers that reduce the electrical load per device.
Step-by-step explanation:
The RS-485 communication standard is a widely used serial data transmission system in industrial and commercial applications. One of the key features of this protocol is its ability to accommodate multiple devices on a single bus. In terms of the maximum number of devices that can be connected to an RS-485 line, it can support up to 32 devices natively. This limit is due to the standard's specifications for electrical loading on the bus; each device adds to the load on the bus, and exceeding 32 devices without proper measures may lead to signal degradation.
However, it is possible to extend this limit by using repeaters to strengthen signals across the network, allowing for the connection of additional devices. Moreover, modern RS-485 transceivers with 'unit load' concept lower the electrical load per device, potentially allowing even more nodes on a network when using such advanced transceivers. This is essential for complex systems that require connections to many devices, such as factory automation, building automation, and other control system applications.