Final answer:
All the listed options were part of the reforms or doctrines affirmed at the Council of Trent, including the affirmation of seven sacraments, the basis of Christian faith on scripture and tradition, salvation through faith and good works, clerical celibacy and educated clergy, the doctrine of transubstantiation, and the sacrificial nature of the mass.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the reforms decided at the Council of Trent, which was a significant event in the Catholic Counter-Reformation. To clarify the Catholic reforms that were decided at the Council of Trent, let us examine each statement:
- Affirmation of seven sacraments.
- Christian faith is based on scripture and tradition.
- Salvation is through faith and good works.
- Priests must remain celibate and be educated at seminaries.
- Transubstantiation is how the bread and wine become the real presence—body and blood—of Jesus Christ.
- The mass is a sacrifice and memorial of Christ's passion that brings about the work of salvation.
All of these statements were indeed reforms or affirmations made at the Council of Trent, except the one regarding transubstantiation. Although the doctrine of transubstantiation was affirmed (the belief that during the Eucharist, the bread and wine truly become the body and blood of Christ), there is no specific reform discussed in relation to this at the Council of Trent, as it was already a long-standing Catholic doctrine.
Therefore, based on the materials provided, the correct answer is that none of the options listed were an exception; they were all part of the reforms or doctrines affirmed at the Council of Trent.