Final answer:
In aerobic respiration, 36-38 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule. The variation in number accounts for energy lost during transportation of intermediates into the mitochondria. The correct answer is 36 to 38 ATP (option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
During aerobic respiration, a total of 36-38 ATP molecules can be produced from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose. Glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, produces 2 ATP molecules. The Krebs cycle contributes to 2 ATP (or GTPs which are converted to ATPs), and the remaining ATP molecules are generated through oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain.
The electron transport chain can convert energy from NADH and FADH₂, products of the previous stages, into as many as 34 ATP. Therefore, by adding the 4 ATP produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the 34 ATP from the electron transport chain, the theoretical maximum yield is 38 ATP. However, the actual number usually ranges from 36 to 38 ATP, as some energy is used for transporting intermediates into the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question of how many ATP are made during aerobic respiration is b. 36 to 38.