Final answer:
Organization managers with a humanistic (option d) attitude value employees for their inherent worth, contrasting with performance or ethnocentric perspectives. They prioritize employee development and well-being, embracing a philosophy that aligns with multicultural and ethical workplace values.
Step-by-step explanation:
When organization managers have a humanistic attitude, they value employees as an end in themselves. This approach aligns with the belief in the intrinsic worth of individuals, a cornerstone of humanistic management theories.
Unlike a performance attitude, which focuses on outcomes and results, or an ethnocentric attitude, which can prioritize the norms and values of one's own culture over others, a humanistic perspective places emphasis on the development of staff as individuals with unique goals and needs. Furthermore, a humanistic manager would align with multiculturalism, embracing diversity and leveraging it within the organization for better success and inclusivity.
An instrumental attitude reduces employees to merely means to an end, like tools used to achieve organizational objectives. On the contrary, the humanistic paradigm cares for employees' well-being, self-fulfillment, and the cultivation of a positive workplace environment that acknowledges their humanity first and foremost.
This is the answer that best fits the sentiment of the question, highlighting the value of staff beyond their utility. As such, it aligns with the broader mission of humanistic management, which aims to promote an ethical and sustainable workplace culture.