Final answer:
Organization managers who value employees as an end in themselves have a humanistic attitude. This approach treats employees with respect and acknowledges their intrinsic worth, creating a positive workplace culture where individuals are seen as more than just tools for achieving goals. The correct answer to the student's question is b. humanistic.
Step-by-step explanation:
When organization managers have a humanistic attitude, they value employees as an end in themselves. The question refers to the approach managers take to view their employees within the organizational context.
An ethnocentric attitude would involve evaluating other cultures based on one's own cultural norms, often leading to a belief in the inferiority or superiority of one's own culture.
This can be harmful in the workplace and is not consistent with valuing employees in their own right. Instead, a humanistic attitude emphasizes the intrinsic worth of individuals, treating them with respect and consideration of their personal value, beyond mere tools for achieving organizational outcomes.
An example of a humanistic approach might involve offering professional development opportunities to employees, acknowledging their potential and individual aspirations, rather than seeing them only as cogs in the machine that could be easily replaced. Organizations led by managers with humanistic values tend to foster a culture of mutual respect, employee engagement, and overall organizational well-being. Thus, the correct option is b. humanistic.