Final answer:
Richard Fox's city types include capitalist-industrial cities, administrative cities, and colonial cities, but do not include medieval cities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among Richard Fox's city types, all but which of the following were included? The answer is d. medieval cities. Richard Fox's typology of cities generally focuses on different forms of cities in the context of modernity and colonial influence. His classification includes a.
capitalist-industrial cities, which exemplify the growth and development model during the industrial revolution; b. administrative cities, which serve as the centers of government and bureaucracy; and c. colonial cities, which were established during the age of imperialism and served as administrative and economic hubs within colonies. Medieval cities are not typically included in his classification, as they refer to a different historical period and are characterized by their feudal structures, trade guilds, and defensive fortifications rather than modern industrial or colonial attributes.