Final answer:
IQ scores are calculated using standardized IQ tests. Scores are interpreted using the average score as a benchmark, with scores above or below indicating above-average or below-average intelligence, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Intelligence quotients, or IQs, are typically calculated using standardized IQ tests. These tests measure a person's cognitive abilities in areas such as logic, problem-solving, and language skills. The most common method for calculating IQ scores is to compare an individual's performance on the test to a representative sample of the population. Scores are then interpreted using the average score as a benchmark. For example, a score of 100 is considered average, while scores above or below 100 indicate above-average or below-average intelligence, respectively.