Final answer:
Cooperation under anarchy is encouraged when there is mutual trust, the possibility of punishment for non-cooperation, and within closely-knit groups where social relationships foster a need for collaboration to achieve common goals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cooperation under anarchy is more likely when certain conditions are present. These include scenarios where individuals have established mutual trust and understand the negative repercussions of not cooperating, such as punishment or social sanctions. The example of the prisoner's dilemma illustrates that cooperation is feasible when participants are aware that defection will lead to penalties, and thus they choose to cooperate to avoid negative outcomes. To reinforce cooperation in an anarchic environment, parties often need assurance that others will not take advantage of them if they choose to cooperate, which is why trust and the possibility of repeated interactions enhance cooperative behavior. Furthermore, within smaller groups or communities where members are closely interlinked, there is a greater incentive to cooperate to maintain long-term relationships and achieve common goals.