Final answer:
Congress shares powers with the executive branch in areas such as the declaration of war, ratification of treaties, and appointment of federal officials, with each branch having roles that require cooperation and provide checks and balances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of powers that Congress shares to a certain extent with the executive branch include the ability to declare war, the ratification of treaties, and appointments of federal officials. Although the president leads in the realm of foreign policy, these congressional powers require both branches to work together. For instance, while the president can negotiate and sign treaties, it is the Senate that has the power to ratify them. Similarly, Congress has the power to declare war, though the president is the commander in chief of the armed forces. Furthermore, the Senate must give its consent to the president's appointment of federal judges, ambassadors, and heads of executive departments. These checks and balances between Congress and the president ensure a degree of shared authority and mutual oversight in the governance of the nation.