Final answer:
The theory that posits deviant and criminal behavior is learned through associating with others who have favorable attitudes towards deviance is known as Differential Association Theory, formulated by Edwin Sutherland.
Step-by-step explanation:
The idea that deviant and criminal behavior results from associating with people whose attitudes are favorable to acting in deviant or criminal ways is referred to as Differential Association Theory, as proposed by sociologist Edwin Sutherland. This theory suggests that people learn to become deviant by interacting and learning from others who view and engage in deviance themselves. With a focus on the social environment and relationships, this theory illustrates that a person's tendency towards deviance or conformity is shaped by the frequency and intensity of their associations with behaviors that society deems acceptable or deviant.
For example, a youth surrounded by friends who engage in illegal activities may come to see such behavior as normal or justified, thus increasing the likelihood that they will also participate in such activities. Conversely, individuals who spend time with people who adhere to social norms are less likely to engage in deviant behavior. The implications of this theory extend to understanding crime in the context of family, peer groups, and communities.