Final answer:
Substance abuse is notably linked to negative consequences including health disparities, child abuse, and various societal issues. The specifics of the MacDonald, Wells, and Wild (1999) study that identifies the non-associated factors are not provided here and would require direct access to their research for a precise answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
To address the question which sought to identify the non-associated factor from the study by MacDonald, Wells, and Wild (1999), it is crucial to understand the established links between problem drinking or drug use and various issues. A comprehensive review of literature indicates that drug and alcohol use is heavily associated with a span of negative outcomes. For instance, according to Welty et al. (2016), there are evident health disparities in drug- and alcohol-use disorders among youth post-detention, suggesting a link between substance abuse and long-term health problems. Furthermore, the Child Welfare Information Gateway highlights that substance abuse contributes significantly to child abuse, with children in these environments facing higher risks of being maltreated. Data from the national epidemiologic survey indicates that alcohol and certain drug use disorders are often comorbid with antisocial personality syndromes (Compton et al., 2005). Heavy drinking can lead to a multitude of consequences such as impaired coordination, job loss, and family disruption, along with physiological issues like liver cirrhosis and increased cancer risks. However, the options that MacDonald, Wells, and Wild's research negated as being associated with problem drinking or drug use are not specified in this context. For a thorough answer, one would need to refer directly to their study.