Final answer:
The basic sense of justice in the prophetic view intertwines individual moral obligations and the welfare of the community, with a notable influence from religious commands in some traditions. Theories of justice have varied from Plato's harmonious societal functions to contemporary discussions about distributive justice. The approach to justice is complex and aims to balance fairness, individual actions, and the overall harmony of society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The prophet's view of a basic sense of justice integrates individual ethics with the needs and concerns of the community to form a perspective on equality. This view is informed by the belief that moral obligations stem from our shared humanity, irrespective of social roles or status, and justice is about providing each person what is owed to them. In the context of religious principles, like those in Islam, justice also includes a sense of divine command; true justice aligns with following the word of Allah, who dictates what is right and wrong. Historically, interpretations of justice have varied. For instance, Plato saw justice as a harmony where each part of the society fulfills its purpose.
In contrast, John Rawls's theory proposed two principles of justice with a more recent discussion focusing on principles of distributive justice, which are concerned with the fair allocation of goods and services in society. While the concept of justice has evolved, an important dimension is the equitable addressing of wrongdoings. For example, the biblical law of "an eye for an eye" was a means of restricting excessive retaliation and establishing proportionality in punishment. This ancient law contributes to our modern understanding of justice as a measure that aims to prevent escalating cycles of violence. In all these interpretations, justice is seen not simply as fairness but as a complex system that takes into account individual actions, community well-being, and sometimes divine commands, which together shape societal laws and institutions for the betterment of all.