Final answer:
A solar eclipse is when the Moon obscures the Sun during a new moon phase. It can be safely observed using special solar glasses, except during the brief period of totality when direct viewing is temporarily safe.
Step-by-step explanation:
A solar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, temporarily obscuring the Sun from our view. This happens exclusively during the new moon phase within the solar month. For a total solar eclipse to take place, the Moon's umbra (the darkest part of its shadow) must reach the Earth's surface, causing the Sun to be completely covered. This can only occur when the Moon is at a certain distance from Earth, allowing it to perfectly block the Sun's light.
Observing a solar eclipse is a unique experience. As the Moon covers the Sun, daylight fades, creating an illusion of twilight, and stars and planets can become visible. The synchronous rotation of the Moon ensures that the same side of the Moon is always facing Earth, contributing to the predictable pattern of eclipses.
However, it is important to remember that looking directly at the Sun is hazardous, and proper precautions must be taken to observe solar eclipses safely. Special solar glasses or indirect viewing methods must be used, except during the total phase of an eclipse, when it is safe to momentarily look directly at the totality without protection.
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon blocks the Sun, creating a unique celestial event, observed safely with proper protection.