Final answer:
The main limitation of satellite remote sensing is atmospheric interference, particularly water vapor and clouds, which can obscure data and limit the detail of observed objects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principal limitation of remote sensing of the ocean by an Earth-orbiting satellite is the interference caused by Earth's atmosphere, particularly the presence of water vapor. Satellites equipped with sensors, such as those used for observing infrared radiation, need to contend with the atmospheric effects that can distort or block the signals they are trying to collect. Clouds and heavy moisture content can obscure the data, similar to how weather conditions can affect visual range at an airport. Furthermore, remote sensing data from satellites is also impacted by the time resolution of the instruments, which can limit the detail in which objects are detected and assessed.