Final answer:
In the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process, shielding gases such as argon and carbon dioxide are used to protect the weld area from atmospheric contamination.
Step-by-step explanation:
Shielding gases are critical in the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process as they protect the weld area from atmospheric gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor that could cause defects in the weld. Common shielding gases used in GMAW include argon, carbon dioxide, and mixtures of these gases, sometimes with the addition of oxygen or helium. Argon is often favored for its ability to provide a stable arc and minimal spatter, while carbon dioxide is less expensive and provides deeper penetration, which can be useful for thicker materials. The choice of shielding gas can significantly influence the welding process because different gases affect the stability of the weld pool, overall penetration, and the mechanical properties of the welded joint.