Final answer:
Lateral communication refers to a formal message between people at the same level of an organization. Many organizations now encourage a flat structure to foster teamwork and collaboration. Lateral communication is key in such environments for achieving common goals. Option c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking about a term used to describe a type of communication within organizations. The correct answer is c. lateral, which refers to a formal message or communication that occurs between people at the same level in the hierarchy of authority.
Unlike the traditional rigid structures, many formal organizations are adopting flat organizational structures which encourage more collegial relationships and communication among employees regardless of their level in the company's hierarchy.
This type of communication is essential for teamwork and collaboration, as it allows individuals within the in-group to share information and work towards common instrumental functions and goals efficiently, without the barriers that come with a strict chain of command.
So option c.