Final answer:
Thomas Hobbes supported the royalists during the civil war, believing in the Divine Right of Kings. In contrast, John Locke advocated for a government based on the consent of the governed, influencing the American democracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual in question who supported the royalists during the civil war was Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes believed in the Divine Right of Kings, asserting that the monarch was chosen by God to rule and should be obeyed without question. This perspective was in sharp contrast to the views of John Locke, another prominent philosopher, who advocated for a government that required the consent of the governed and could be overthrown if it failed to protect the rights of the people.
Locke's thoughts on representative government significantly influenced the founding principles of American democracy, including the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He supported the idea of a social contract between the government and the people, stating that authority derived from the consent of the governed.