Final answer:
Operating system, modem model and version, and malware are related to troubleshooting Internet connectivity issues. They impact network settings, compatibility, and performance, making them key elements to assess when addressing such problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The operating system, modem model and version, and malware are elements involved with troubleshooting Internet connectivity. When addressing issues related to Internet connectivity, it is essential to consider the operating system because it manages the network settings and configurations. The modem model and version are important for ensuring compatibility with the Internet service provider's requirements and checking for any firmware updates that could resolve connectivity issues. Malware can significantly impact Internet performance and connectivity; therefore, scanning for and removing any potential threats is an essential step in the troubleshooting process.