Final answer:
The correct answer is option A. Naming it, imagining it, and booking it are examples of quick stress managers, which are emotion-focused coping techniques aimed at reducing immediate stress and anxiety. They help manage stress by altering one's emotional response, rather than addressing the problem causing the stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
Naming it, imagining it, and booking it are all techniques that can be implemented as quick stress managers. These strategies are instant methods aimed at reducing frustration and anxiety and do not directly involve sales skills, responding positively, or dealing with difficult situations.
These techniques are all about in-the-moment coping and are a subset of the larger concept of emotion-focused coping, as differentiated from problem-focused coping by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). Emotion-focused coping involves trying to reduce the negative emotional responses associated with stress, such as embarrassment, fear, anxiety, depression, excitement, and frustration. Examples of these quick stress managers may include taking deep breaths, visualizing a calming scene, or performing a brief mindfulness exercise. The effectiveness of these techniques relates to the ability to process abstract information, anticipate situations, and focus on beneficial outcomes instead of current stressors.
In comparison, problem-focused coping involves actions that manage the source of the stress rather than the feelings associated with it. As in the example given, if a student is failing a class, a problem-focused strategy would be to consult the professor, allocate more study time, or seek tutoring, rather than just trying to feel better about the situation.
The correct option is A) Quick stress managers.