Final answer:
Helioseismology is the technique used to study waves generated inside the Sun and learn about its interior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technique used to study waves generated inside the Sun and learn about its interior is called helioseismology. Helioseismology involves studying the back-and-forth motions of the Sun caused by waves that reach its surface from deep in the interior. Similar to how seismic waves generated by earthquakes help infer Earth's interior, helioseismology provides information about the temperature, density, and composition of the layers through which the waves pass before reaching the surface.