Final answer:
Kepler's 1st law, which states that the orbit of a planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus, applies to the Moon, Earth, Venus, asteroids, and comets. It does not apply to solar wind particles moving under the Sun's magnetic field.
Step-by-step explanation:
To which objects does Kepler's 1st law apply from the provided list? Kepler's 1st law states that the orbit of each planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. Given this law, it applies to:
- (A) the Moon - While the Moon orbits Earth, it still follows an elliptical path similar in physics to Kepler's description of planetary orbits.
- (B) Earth - As a planet, Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical, with the Sun at one focus, adhering to Kepler's 1st law.
- (C) Venus - As with all the planets in the Solar System, Venus follows an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focus, which is consistent with Kepler's 1st law.
- (D) An asteroid - An asteroid orbiting the Sun will also have an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focus.
- (E) A comet - Comets orbit the Sun in highly elliptical orbits, but still obey the same law.
The exception to this list is:
- (F) A solar wind particle moving under the influence of the Sun's magnetic field - Kepler's laws were formulated based on gravitational forces, not electromagnetic forces, so they do not apply to the motion of charged particles under the influence of the Sun's magnetic field.