Final answer:
Option A describes the essential characteristics of cloud computing, which are on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service as defined by NIST and ISO/IEC standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The essential characteristics of cloud computing are defined in NIST SP 800-145 and ISO/IEC 17788. Among the listed options, A. On-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, measured service is the correct answer and accurately captures the five fundamental characteristics of cloud computing.
These characteristics allow cloud services to be highly flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient, aligning with the dynamic needs of businesses and consumers.