Final answer:
The word "victim" most closely corresponds to a "sufferer," while someone who is unfairly blamed is known as a scapegoat. Scapegoat theory points to dominant groups blaming subordinate groups for problems. For bullying, an individual with greater social standing, like the captain of the football team, is typically less targeted.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word "victim" matches best with option (a) sufferer. This is because a victim is someone who has suffered harm or has been adversely affected by an event or action. To be a martyr often implies a choice to suffer or die for a cause, which is not the same as being a victim. A casualty refers specifically to someone killed or injured in a war or accident. Finally, a scapegoat is one who is unfairly blamed for something others have done or for a wider problem.
In the context of scapegoat theory, as per the information provided, the correct answer is (b) dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems. In terms of adolescents and bullying, the one least likely to be targeted for bullying is typically someone with social status and power, for example, (d) the captain of the football team.