Final answer:
The biases being referred to in the question are cultural biases. Many early intelligence tests favored individuals from urban environments because of their inclusion of questions that required certain cultural knowledge or experiences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The biases being referred to in the question are cultural biases. Many early intelligence tests were designed in a way that favored individuals from urban environments because they included questions that required certain cultural knowledge or experiences that were more prevalent in urban areas.