Final answer:
Alcohol can have immediate effects on the body, such as changes in consciousness and behavior. It can also have long-term effects on the excretory system and overall health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effects of alcohol on the body can be both immediate and long-term. In the short term, alcohol can cause feelings of euphoria at low doses, can result in sedation, impaired judgment, and loss of coordination.
Excessive alcohol use can lead to a complete loss of consciousness and memory loss. For pregnant individuals, alcohol consumption can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and birth defects.
In the long term, heavy drinking can have serious effects on the excretory system, leading to liver and kidney disease. It can also cause dehydration and abnormalities in blood ion concentration and acid-base balance. Chronic alcohol consumption may impair the function of many organs, including the kidneys.