Final answer:
Exporting and joint ventures closely resemble each other in terms of ownership, control, and risk in international businesses.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the given options, the pair that closely resembles each other in terms of ownership, control, and risk in international businesses is:
b) Exporting and joint ventures.
In both exporting and joint ventures, companies have a degree of control over the business operations, but they also share the risks associated with entering foreign markets.