Final answer:
The hologram metaphor suggests that memory is distributed throughout the brain with overlapping information, similar to a hologram containing the whole image from every angle. The field metaphor implies that memory is dynamic and changes over time, much like a field does with seasons. Both metaphors align with the understanding that memory is complex, integrated, and reconstructive.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hologram metaphor proposes that memory works similar to how a hologram stores 3-D information. Unlike a digital photograph that captures one perspective, a hologram contains information from every angle. When applied to memory, this metaphor suggests that memories are not stored in isolated units but are distributed throughout the brain. Each part of the brain contains overlapping information from different memories, similar to how each portion of a hologram contains the whole image from different viewpoints. When we recall a memory, it's reconstructed from these overlapping networks.
Alternatively, the field metaphor for memory suggests that memories are not static. Similar to how a field changes with seasons and time, memories are malleable and subject to change. We know now, thanks to researchers such as Lashley and through models proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, that memories pass through various stages and are influenced by factors like emotion and sensory information. They are dynamic and vary in strength, with emotional events often leading to stronger memory retention, as in the case of flashbulb memories.
Hologram
and
field metaphors
assert the complexity and distributed nature of memory within the brain. They counterpoint the notion that memories are static or isolated, instead supporting theories of integrated and reconstructive memory processes.