Final answer:
Tamerlane, also known as Timur the Lame, was the ruler of a Mongol state based in Samarqand from 1370 to 1405 and founded the Timurid Dynasty.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ruler of a Mongol state based in Samarqand was Tamerlane, also known as Timur the Lame. He claimed descent from Genghis Khan and followed in his ancestor's footsteps, displaying similar ruthlessness in his conquests. Tamerlane's rule began in 1370 and lasted until his death in 1405, during which he founded the powerful Central Asian dynasty known as the Timurid Dynasty. His legacy was vast, extending the reach of his empire through significant military campaigns.