Final answer:
The period of peace and prosperity in Rome that lasted for about 200 years was known as Pax Romana, starting with Augustus and ending with the death of Marcus Aurelius.
Step-by-step explanation:
The period of peace and prosperity that lasted almost 200 years in Rome is known as Pax Romana. This era was initiated by Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, following the end of the Republic's continual wars and political instability. It began around 27 BCE and lasted until approximately 180 CE, marking a time when the Roman Empire experienced great territorial expansion, stability, and economic growth under the rule of progressive emperors.
During this period, the empire saw the reign of three distinct dynasties: the Julian dynasty, the Flavian dynasty, and the succession of the 'Five Good Emperors'. The Pax Romana allowed for safe and efficient travel throughout the empire, from the Atlantic coast to Mesopotamia, facilitated by excellent roads and protection from banditry. Although the Roman Empire was at the peak of its power, not every Roman benefited from the prosperity; slaves, poor commoners, and conquered peoples often suffered oppression and imperialism.
The correct answer to the question is option (a) Pax Romana.