Final answer:
The tropical ailment characterized by jaundice and caused by an arbovirus is Yellow Fever. It is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and commonly found in tropical regions of South America and Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is C) Yellow Fever. This infectious disease is caused by the yellow fever virus, a member of the Flavivirus genus, and is characterized by jaundice, which is the yellowish coloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Jaundice occurs due to an excess of bilirubin, often associated with liver damage. Transmission to humans is through the bite of an infected mosquito, primarily Aedes aegypti. Yellow fever can lead to serious complications and even be fatal, primarily occurring in tropical and subtropical areas of South America and Africa.
While chikungunya fever is also mosquito-borne and causes high fever and joint pain, it is not characterized by jaundice. Dengue Fever has symptoms including high fever, headache, and muscle pain, but jaundice is not a typical characteristic. Moreover, Malaria is not caused by an arbovirus and is typically transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, which is distinct from the ones that transmit Yellow Fever.