Final answer:
U-shaped valleys are formed by glaciers, while V-shaped valleys are formed by rivers or streams. Features found on topographic maps include cirques, horns, paternoster lakes, hanging valleys, and arêtes.
Step-by-step explanation:
U-shaped vs. V-shaped Valley:
A U-shaped valley is wide and rounded, resembling the shape of a U, and is typically formed by glacial erosion. On the other hand, a V-shaped valley is narrow and V-shaped, formed by the action of rivers or streams.
Cirque:
A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression found at the head of a glacier.
Horn:
A horn is a sharp peak that forms when several glaciers erode a mountain from multiple sides.
Paternoster Lakes:
Paternoster lakes are a series of small, interconnected lakes that form in a glacial valley.
Hanging Valley:
A hanging valley is a smaller glacial valley that intersects with a larger valley, and its floor is located at a higher elevation.
Arête:
An arête is a narrow, knife-like ridge that forms when glaciers erode parallel valleys on opposite sides of a mountain.